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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    14
  • Issue: 

    2 (54)
  • Pages: 

    164-171
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1173
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: One of the most important factors related to onset and maintenance of substance abuse is early maladaptive schemas. The present study was conducted to compare early maladaptive schemas in opium dependence and non dependence people.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 2011 among men (aged 15-65 years) of Zahedan (Iran). Overall 240 participants were asked to complete the Young Schemas Questionnaire-short form. One hundred and twenty of participants were recruited from people who met DSM-IV criteria of substance dependence disorder and other 120 subjects selected from general population (men, aged 15-65 years) of Zahedan. This research was post expose factorand in addition to descriptive methods was used t tests method to data analysis compare.Results: Results have shown that substance dependent patients had significantly higher scores for most maladaptive schemas including disconnection, impaired autonomy, performance and over-vigilance than non dependent people (P<0.01).Conclusion: Because maladaptive thoughts are core beliefs and they develop in early years of life and hypothesized to play a significant role in development of substance use, thus preventive and treatment strategies for addressing the maladaptive and dysfunctional thoughts highly recommended.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    240-249
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    83
  • Downloads: 

    135
Abstract: 

Background: The most common drug, illegally used in Iran is opium. The treatment of people with substance use disorder is one of the most important strategies in reducing its burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different increasing and decreasing opium treatment coverage on the patterns of abstinence, transition to heroin dependence and mortality, over 30 years. Methods: This study was a dynamic compartmental modeling conducted in three stages: 1) presenting a conceptual model of opium dependence treatment in Iran, 2) estimating model’ s parameters value, and 3) modeling of opium dependence treatment and examining the outcomes for different treatment coverage scenarios. The input parameters of the model were extracted from the literature, and secondary data analysis, which were finalized in expert panels. Results: The number of opium dependence will increase from 1 180 550 to 1 522 063 [28. 93% (95% CI: 28. 6 to 29. 2)] over 30 years. With a 25% decrease in coverage compared to the status quo, the number of deaths will increase by 459 cases [3. 28% (95% CI: 0. 91 to 5. 7)] in the first year, and this trend will continue to be 2989 cases [15. 63% (95% CI: 13. 4 to 17. 9)] in the 30th year. A 25% increase in treatment coverage causes a cumulative decrease of heroin dependence by 14 451 cases [10. 1% (95% CI: 9. 5 to 10. 8)] in the first decade. Conclusion: The modeling showed that the treatment coverage level reduction has a greater impact than the coverage level increase in the country and any amount of reduction in the coverage level, even to a small extent, may have a large negative impact in the long run.

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Author(s): 

NEMATOLLAHI MAHANI SEYED NOURALDIN | LABIBI FATEME | SHAHIDZADEH YAZDI ZHINOOSOSSADAT | KARAMAD ELAHE | HABIBZADEH VICTORIA | NADERI TAYEBE | KETABCHI ALI ASGHAR

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    189-196
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    356
  • Downloads: 

    89
Abstract: 

Introduction: To examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study.Methods: Male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-opium (NS/NO), smoking and non-opium (S/NO), non-smoking and opium (NS/O), smoking and opium (S/O), and opium dependence regardless of smoking status (O/RS) groups. Two samples were collected from each subject and were analyzed in accordance to WHO criteria.Results: Subjects in different groups were comparable regarding mean age, duration of abstinence, and familial history of infertility, whereas duration of infertility was longer in all groups than in NS/NO group (P<0.05). The volume of semen, liquefaction time and pH differed significant between S/NO and NS/NO groups (P<0.05). In addition, more men in S/NO group were diagnosed to be teratozoospermic than other groups (P=0.018). Sperm progression was significant lower in NS/O than in NS/NO group (P<0.05).Conclusion: These finding suggest that opium dependence and cigarette smoking alter semen and sperm production and quality differently.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2003
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    27-31
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1699
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Opium dependence is one of important health problems in our country. Several researches showed many of patients with opium dependence have psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was evaluation of psychiatric disorders in opium dependent patients and comparing psychiatric disorders between opium and heroin dependent patients. Method & Material: In this descriptive study, 192 male opium dependent patients who were admitted in dual-diagnosis ward of Beheshti hospital, Kerman, Iran for detoxification, were enrolled randomly. After evaluation of their demographic data, they were assessed by means of SCL-90-R standard test. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean± SD of age of subjects was 33.92±7/67 years. All scales of SCL-90-R were evaluated as borderline or sick. Scores of obsession and compulsion, anxiety, phobia, psychosis, PST and GSI were significantly higher in patients with heroin dependence than patients with opium dependence. Conclusion: It is recommended that all of patients with opium dependence should be evaluated for comorbid psychiatric disorders, that may improve outcome of their dependence treatment. Heroin dependent patients have more psychopathology than opium dependent patients and need more attention.

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Journal: 

ADDICTION AND HEALTH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1-2
  • Pages: 

    30-34
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1235
  • Downloads: 

    152
Abstract: 

Background: Opium-dependence having different effects on the nervous system is a common problem, especially in the Middle East and Iran. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of opium-dependence on visual evoked potential (VEP) in men.Methods: Thirty subjects with both chronic cigarette smoking and opium-dependence (group 1) and 30 subjects with only chronic cigarette smoking (group 2) were included in this cross-sectional case-control study and after urinary tests of opium, the pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) were recorded in the standard condition and variables such as N75, P100, N135 and amplitude were obtained and then analyzed with SPSS16. P value<0.05 was assumed significant statistically.Findings: The mean of N75 (70.426±22.028), P100 (115.457±29.176) and N135 (165.402±66.712) was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean of the amplitude of VEP in group 1 (6.856±3.248) was significantly higher than group 2 (4.933±2.50) (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our study showed that chronic cigarette smoking and opium dependence have no significant effect on the late components of the VEP (N75, P100 and N135), but chronic cigarette smoking and opium-dependence together significantly increase the amplitude of VEP compared with chronic cigarette smoking alone, probably due to the chronic stimulatory effects of concomitant use of these two substances on the eyes and the visual nervous system.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    59-64
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    597
  • Downloads: 

    120
Abstract: 

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC: 2.5.1.18) are a ubiquitous family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes. Genes encodingGSTM1 (OMIM: 138350), and GSTT1 (OMIM: 600436) are members of class mu and theta, respectively. The most common polymorphism in the GSTM1 is a deletion of the whole GSTM1 gene with a lack of enzyme activity. A homozygous deletion in the GSTT1 has also been reported (null genotypes of GSTT1). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and risk of dependency to opium sap. The present study was performed in Shiraz (southern Iran). In total, 71 males dependent to opium sap and 590 healthy males (as a control group) were included in this study. The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Our data indicate that neither GSTM1 (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.47-1.27, P=0.325) nor GSTT1 (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.70-2.21, P=0.442) null genotypes significantly associated with the risk of opium sap dependence. There is no additive effect of the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in relation to the risk of dependency to opium sap. The present study indicated that the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 are not risk factor for opium sap dependence.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    14
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    286
  • Downloads: 

    454
Abstract: 

Dear Editor, Recently, an important research report has been published by Saeedi et al. (1) in the Iranian Journal of PsychiatryandBehavioral Sciences. The authors conducted a study of COVID-19 in 93 hospitalized patients. The study findings indicated that 10. 8% of the infected patients were opiumdependent. Most importantly, the odds ratio related to death was found to be 3. 59%. Most participants were middle-aged (56. 3-years-old) and male (54. 8%) (1). While no significant gender differences were reported, the high rate of mortality highlighted the crucial role of comorbidities in increasing fatality in infected patients. . . .

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2002
  • Volume: 

    27
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    161-165
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    348
  • Downloads: 

    139
Abstract: 

Background: Many psychiatric patients have nicotine and other substance dependence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of nicotine and opium dependence among psychiatric in-patients in Kerman, a city in southwestern Iran. Methods: Three groups of psychiatric inpatients, chronic medical patients and a sample from local population, each including 400 subjects were selected. Nicotine dependence was evaluated by Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Scores >7 were considered positive for nicotine dependence. Opium dependence was evaluated by a semi-structured interview based on DSM IV. Results: 115 (28.75%) out of 400 psychiatric patients had nicotine dependence which was significantly higher than that of the two other groups (p<0.0001). 140 (35%) of psychiatric patients had opium dependence that did not differ from chronic medical patient but was higher than the control group (p<0.0001). Frequencies of nicotine and opium dependence were higher among males in all three groups. The highest frequencies of nicotine and opium dependence were observed among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: Psychiatric patients are predisposed to substance dependence. One plausible reason for opium dependence in our patients is cultural factors. Substance dependence associated with other psychiatric disorders should be considered whenever treatment plan is made

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    16
  • Issue: 

    3 (62)
  • Pages: 

    326-326
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    10533
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Though factitious disorder is uncommon, it is not rare in patients referring to clinics and psychiatric hospitals. For instance, only two recorded cases of this disturbance among hospitalized patients in Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital (in Kerman, Iran), have been reported so far (1983-2009). Concerning high rate of grief reactions in Kerman province after the Bam earthquake in 2004, it was believed that this condition is underdiagnosed, mainly because of diagnostic difficulties. In this article an unusual case that came with psychotic symptoms accompanied by symptoms of complicated grief is reported. The final diagnosis is supposed to be factitious bereavement. Reported case is a 27 years old man with approved diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and opium dependence with several previous admissions since four years ago. At the last session of hospitalizing in 2010, his symptoms included: irritability, aggression and emphasis on visiting his relatives and some strange people who died in the Bam earthquake about six years ago, in which the patient took part in finding their corpses in collaboration with safety guards. From onset of disturbance, patient claimed that those deceased people are continuously present around him, talk to him and blame him because of his insufficient effort to save them. He also believed that the experiences are real and those people are alive at present. Clinical evaluations considered impression of factitious disorder and complicated grief, especially those with hallucinations. The factitious disorder with bereavement symptoms is not well-described in literatures, so this patient and influences of personality structure and opium dependence on forming patient’s symptoms are discussed.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    6
  • Pages: 

    365-372
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    190
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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